Since the Act of Uniformity 1549 which approved the first prayer book was passed in January, it is likely that the provisions of the 1549 prayer book were intended, even though Edward's second year ended several months before the book was published. Elizabethan Religious Settlement Religion became a very divisive factor in people's lives in England when Protestant ideas challenged the dominance of the Catholic Church of Rome.. Settlement Act of Supremacy, Act of Uniformity - Elizabethan Era Under the reigns of her father Henry VIII and brother Edward VI, the monarch was always the 'Head of the Church in England'. Instead of treating these objects as being transformed into the body and blood of Jesus Christ when blessed by a Catholic priest, the Protestant preacher merely encouraged the believer to take them as a reminder of Christ's sacrifice. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 02 June 2020. A proclamation forbade any "breach, alteration, or change of any order or usage presently established within this our realm". [82], The Queen's excommunication and the arrival of the seminary priests brought a change in government policy toward recusants. Elizabeth then set about returning the Church of England to its reformed state as it had been under Edward VI or, if possible, not quite as radical. Thank you! Historians John Coffey and Paul C. H. Lim write that the Elizabethan Church "was widely regarded as a Reformed church, but it was anomalous in retaining certain features of late medieval Catholicism", such as cathedrals, church choirs, a formal liturgy contained in the prayer book, traditional clerical vestments and episcopal polity. Symbolic of the general compromises going on, priests could place a crucifix and candles on the table. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was composed of the following principal elements: Henry VIII had started the English Reformation which split the Church in England from Catholic Rome. Essentially, they covered all the matters not yet set out in previous legislation and aimed to definitively establish what was meant by the English version of Protestantism, otherwise known as Anglicism. [90], In 1572, a bill was introduced in the Queen's 4th Parliament that would allow Protestants, with their bishop's permission, to omit ceremonies from the 1559 prayer book, and bishops would be further empowered to license clergymen to use the French and Dutch stranger church liturgies. Problems with religion - Elizabethan Religious Settlement - BBC Her aim was to unite Protestants and Catholics under a single Anglican Church - she aimed for a compromise or, a 'middle way'. The Elizabethan Settlement | History of Parliament Online Hope the above information on . Bibliography History. The Thirty-nine Articles were not intended as a complete statement of the Christian faith but of the position of the Church of England in relation to the Catholic Church and dissident Protestants. [24], The lay peers joined the bishops in their opposition and succeeded in amending the bill considerably. A revised supremacy bill had passed the House of Commons before the recess but had been . World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Many became leaders of an underground Catholic Church. Churchwarden accounts indicate that half of all parishes kept Catholic vestments and Mass equipment for at least a decade. The debate quickly descended into name-calling and two of the Catholics were sent to the Tower for contempt. [62] Although it was not legally required, it was traditional for virtually all Protestant churches and was also used at home. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (1520-1598 CE) was Elizabeth Thomas Cranmer served as the first Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury Elizabeth I reigned as queen of England from 1558 to 1603 CE. The specific words were: The body of our Lord Jesus Christ which was given for thee, preserve thy body and soul unto everlasting life, and take, and eat this, in remembrance that Christ died for thee, feed on him in thine heart by faith and thanksgiving. Learn more . [13] At the same time, he calls the idea that the prayer book modifications were concessions to Catholics "absurd", writing that "these little verbal and visual adjustments" would never satisfy Catholic clergy and laity after the loss of "the Latin mass, monasteries, chantries, shrines, gilds and a compulsory celibate priesthood". The next step followed quick on the heels of the first and was the May 1559 CE Act of Uniformity. First read in the Commons on 10 April, this bill was again modified by the Lords before it passed both Houses. The fine was one shilling, then about one day's labour for a skilled worker, but few were collected in practice. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. The revised Act of Supremacy still abolished papal supremacy, but defined Elizabeth as Supreme Governor, rather than Supreme Head, of the church. When his request was denied, Henry separated the Church of England from the Catholic Church and claimed that he, rather than the Pope, was its supreme head on earth. Discover the rich royal history of the area where Henry VIII builthis first tournament ground, Elizabeth I took daily walks in the Park, and where Charles II raced early royal yachts against his brother We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience and to help us improve our website. The Act of Supremacy 1559 This required all clergymen and government officers. "[108] Laudianism, however, was unpopular with both Puritans and Prayer Book Protestants, who viewed the high church innovations as undermining forms of worship they had grown attached to. All clergy and royal office-holders would be required to swear an Oath of Supremacy. [85], There were objections over the prayer book, including certain formulas and responses, the sign of the cross in baptism, the surplice and use of a wedding ring in marriage. There was opposition to the moderate features of the Settlement from both radical Catholics and radical Protestants. [79] The discovery of the Ridolfi plota Catholic conspiracy to overthrow Elizabeth and place Mary, Queen of Scots on the thronefurther alarmed the English government. One thing Elizabeth did insist upon was to reinstate herself as head of the Church. There were priests who conformed to the prayer book while also providing the Mass to their parishioners. Thomas Sampson, a Marian exile, believed that "All scripture seems to assign the title of head of the Church to Christ alone". In 1645, the prayer book was made illegal and replaced by the Directory for Public Worship. It also repealed the medieval heresy laws that Mary I had revived. A third supremacy bill of official origin introduced the formula supreme governor rather than supreme head of the church, a compromise intended to appease hardliners in both camps. The Act also detailed what priests should wear too. [32] This made it easier for priests to "counterfeit" the Mass without risking arrest. The settlement itself was written out in two Acts of Parliament, the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity 1559. Recently saved for the nation, the Armada Portrait commemorates the most famous conflict of Elizabeth I's reign the failed invasion of England by the Spanish Armada in summer 1588. In 1560, Bishop Grindal was allowed to enforce the demolition of rood lofts in London. THE ELIZABETHAN SETTLEMENT OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND. The settlement continued the English Reformation which had begun during the reign of her father, Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE) whereby the Protestant Church of England split from the Catholic Church led by the Pope in Rome. During this time, motets were replaced by anthems,[55] and William Byrd's Great Service was composed for the royal chapel and cathedrals. [8] The veneration of religious images (icons, roods, statues) and relics were suppressed,[9] and iconoclasm was sanctioned by the government. [48], In some instances, the injunctions contradicted the 1559 prayer book. One, "Of the Worthy Receiving of the Sacrament", added more detail to the church's doctrine of the Eucharist, which was described as "spiritual food" and "a ghostly substance and not carnal" made real by faith. [36] When communicants received the bread, they would hear the words, "The body of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was given for thee, preserve thy body and soul unto everlasting life [1549]. The reforms may have been mild but they were enough for the Pope to eventually excommunicate the queen for heresy in February 1570 CE. [107], The Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 allowed for the restoration of the Elizabethan Settlement as well. Mary died in November 1558 without a Catholic heir, leaving the throne to the Protestant Elizabeth. [89] These Puritans were not without influence, enjoying the support of powerful men such as the Earl of Leicester, Walter Mildmay, Francis Walsingham, the Earl of Warwick and William Cecil. At first this opposition seemed relatively passive, but a series of crises in the late 1560s and early '70s disclosed its potential for serious, even fatal, menace. The Act of Supremacy: Aimed to put Elizabeth in charge of the English Church, whilst having the Pope already doing this job Aimed to make all of the English Churchmen obedient to Elizabeth [100], In the Parliaments of 1584 and 1586, the Puritans attempted to push through legislation that would institute a presbyterian form of government for the Church of England and replace the prayer book with the service book used in Geneva. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. [16] The Queen's principal secretary was Sir William Cecil, a moderate Protestant. Take a closer look with the unique Van de Velde drawings collection, The Empire Windrush wasn't the only ship to carry Caribbean passengers to the UK. Crown copyright and The History of Parliament Trust 1964-2020. In 1560, the bishops specified that the cope should be worn when administering the Lord's Supper and the surplice at all other times. [93] It called for the church to be organised according to presbyterian polity. Protestantism would also create a fear of persecution among Englands Catholics. This perception was seemingly confirmed when Elizabeth was excommunicated by Pope Pius V in February 1570. [74] In 1568, the English College at Douai was founded to provide a Catholic education to young Englishmen and, eventually, to train a new leadership for a restored Catholic Church in England. Before 1574, most laymen were not made to take the Oath of Supremacy and the 12d fine for missing a service was poorly enforced. Although in practical terms, extremist worshippers were largely permitted to pursue their beliefs without interference, some 400 priests did resign as a consequence of the Settlement. [51], Many parishes were slow to comply with the injunctions. [59] The impressment of boys for service as singers in St. Paul's Cathedral and the royal chapel continued during this period. Ultimately, all but two bishops (the undistinguished Anthony Kitchin of Llandaff and the absentee Thomas Stanley of Sodor and Man) lost their posts. However, this stance hardened over time. The Church of Scotland was even more strongly Reformed, having a presbyterian polity and John Knox's liturgy, the Book of Common Order. The Virgin Queen: the problem of her legitimacy, gender, marriage. Anyone suspected of not recognising Elizabeth as head of the Church would now find themselves before a new court, the Court of High Commission. The religious settlement of 1559 put these ideas into practice. [15] At Westminster Abbeystill a Benedictine monasterythe Queen disapproved of what she considered Catholic superstition, telling the monks bearing candles in procession, "Away with those torches, for we see very well". It was also a concession to the Queen's Protestant supporters who objected to "supreme head" on theological grounds and who had concerns about a female leading the Church. Elizibethan Religious Settlement - 1946 Words | Studymode This proved acceptable to both sides; the bill was narrowly passed by a somewhat reduced House of Lords on 28 April. The Ordinal and Prayer Book provisions were removed and the Mass left unchanged, with the exception of allowing communion under both kinds. Signature. Once Whitgift had destroyed presbyterian activism, he was content to leave the Puritans alone. The Elizabethan Settlement of the Church of England - The University of The Religious Settlement - GCSE History by Clever Lili As for the manner of their service in church and their prayers, except that they say them in the English tongue, one can still recognise a great part of the Mass, which they have limited only in what concerns individual communion. It seemed that out of sight was out of mind, and this principle would apply to practising Christians of both sides in the debate. When Elizabeth inherited the throne, England was bitterly divided between Catholics and Protestants as a result of various religious changes initiated by Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. Henry VIII had broken from the Catholic Church and the authority of the Pope, becoming the supreme head of the Church of England. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was a collection of laws and decisions concerning religious practices introduced between 1558-63 CE by Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE). [66], The settlement of 1559 had given Protestants control of the Church of England, but matters were different at the parish level, where Catholic priests and traditional laity held large majorities. A French ambassador, writing in 1597 CE, confirms this view in his description of a typical English Church service: Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! Protestant. All of the leading clergymen were Protestants and former exiles (Robert Horne, Thomas Becon, Thomas Bentham, John Jewel, Edwin Sandys, and Richard Davies), and they interpreted the injunctions in the most Protestant way possible. The Queen did not approve, disliking any attempt to undermine the concept of religious uniformity and her own religious settlement. [30] The revised Book of Common Prayer removed this denunciation of the Pope. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was Elizabeth I's answer to the religious quarrels that developed during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. [30], The Ornaments Rubric was added as one of the concessions to traditionalists in order to gain passage in the Lords. [84], Leading Protestants within the Church of England were attracted to the Reformed churches of south Germany and Switzerland led by theologians such as John Calvin, Heinrich Bullinger and others. What was the outcome of the Religious Settlement? When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. [115], Diarmaid MacCulloch states that Hooker's writings helped to create an "Anglican synthesis". License. 1 / 73 Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by Ehikowoicho_Okpla Terms in this set (73) Erastian View that the State should have authority over the Church -effectively characterises E1s religious settlement what drove Elizabeth's religious policy? [67] Over time, however, this "survivalist Catholicism" was undermined by pressures to conform, giving way to an underground Catholicism completely separate from the Church of England. meant that the country was now officially Protestant, but allowed some traditions of Catholic worship. In addition to the English College at Douai, a seminary was established at Rome and two more established in Spain.
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