capital of yukon territory

New airport facilities were constructed through the southern Yukon during the Second World War as part of the Northwest Staging Route from the US to Alaska. [1] Mayo is the smallest town by population and land area at 188 residents in 1.06km2 (0.41sqmi). The volcanic eruption of Mount Churchill in approximately 800 AD in what is now the U.S. state of Alaska blanketed the southern Yukon with a layer of ash which can still be seen along the Klondike Highway, and which forms part of the oral tradition of First Nations peoples in the Yukon and further south in Canada. The world's largest open-pit zinc and lead mine was opened in Faro in the early 1970s. [57][58][59], Municipal governments are created by the Yukon Government in accordance with the Municipal Act of 2001. By the late 19th century, gold prospectors in growing numbers pushed northwards from the Cassiar and Omineca mountains of northern British Columbia. The remote location and rugged landscape of the Yukon as well as volatile world market for minerals hindered development and prevented [54], The 10th and current premier of Yukon is Ranj Pillai, who represents the electoral district of Porter Creek South as its MLA. The commissioners duties now resemble that of a provincial lieutenant-governor; and the commissioner is responsible for giving assent to bills, appointing cabinet members and representing the Over two-thirds of the Yukon's residents live in Whitehorse, which has a year-round population of about 36,000. Yukon is bordered by the Canadian Northwest Territories in the east; the province of British Columbia in the south and the US State of Alaska to the west. Gold mining came back to the Klondike and other areas with the large rise in gold prices in the late 1970s. Close interaction through trade and intermarriage between the Tutchone and coastal Tlingit in the Yukon has eight municipalities with one city (Whitehorse), three towns (Dawson, Faro and Watson Lake), four villages (Mayo, Haines Junction, The commissioner had a role in appointing the territory's Executive Council, served as chair, and had a day-to-day role in governing the territory. The Klondike Gold Rush was the seminal event in the Yukon's history. For his role both with the University of Regina. The City was integrated in 1950 and it is named for the White Horse Rapids on Yukon River which were said to resemble the mane of an advancing white horse. The process of devolution began Unofficially, both in the Yukon government and amongst its people, the is still recognised and used. Going over the Chilkoot Pass, his party built rafts and floated down the Yukon River to its mouth in the Bering Sea, naming many geographic features along the way. served as both premier and lieutenant-governor of Yukon. In the north, it is bounded by the Beaufort Sea and the Arctic Ocean. Unlike the Northwest Territories councils from 1905 to 1967, Yukon's appointed officials were all residents in the territory. This map of Yukon Territory uses Plate Carree projection. At the federal level, the Yukon is represented in the Parliament of Canada by one member of Parliament (MP) and one senator. Capital Of Yukon Territory. Crossword Clue called the "Sourdough Rendezvous," which celebrates its 50th anniversary in 2014. Extensive trading networks between the coastal Tlingits and the interior First Nations developed, where the coastal peoples would trade eulachon oil and other coastal goods for native copper and furs found in the interior. In the 1950s, the White Pass & Yukon Route pioneered the use of intermodal containerized shipping. Yukon school curriculum is based on the British Columbia curriculum with modifications to reflect local purposes. Permafrost is continuous north of the Porcupine River, and discontinuous Although most First Nations have signed agreements, land claims and self-government negotiations are still going on today. There are four hydroelectric generation facilities in Yukon located in Aishihik, Whitehorse, Mayo and Fish Lake. French immersion is offered in Whitehorse at cole milie-Tremblay Yukon Wildlife Preserve and Yukon Gardens are among the natural attractions of the city. Yukon - Wiktionary In preparation for responsible government, political parties were organized and ran candidates to the Yukon Legislative Assembly for the first time in 1978. In Commercial stability in the mining industry. [citation needed], The railway ceased operation in the 1980s with the first closure of the Faro mine. The first lasting contact was made in the 1840s by fur traders of the Hudson Bay Company, using maps and information from early explorers such as Sir John Franklin, to heritage sites throughout the territory. A notable cultural and tourist feature is the legacy of the Klondike Gold Rush (18971899), which inspired contemporary writers of the time such as Jack London, Robert W. Service, and Jules Verne, and which continues to inspire films and games, such as Mae West's Klondike Annie and The Yukon Trail .mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}(see Cultural legacy of the Klondike Gold Rush). The community serves as a service centre for the There are 700 kilometers of trails extending through and out of Whitehorse, for biking, hiking, and cross-country and downhill skiing. Yukon River and its tributaries from Norton Sound, in Alaska. A city and town in Oklahoma. As of 2011 Dawson had a population of roughly 1,300 with 60,000 visitors coming a year. In 201314, there are currently three producing mines and two new mines to open, both in the Keno Hill silver district. Three prospectors, for example, managed to recover gold worth more than a years wages after panning for a matter of minutes. ], Yukon International Storytelling Festival, Cultural legacy of the Klondike Gold Rush, Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport, Alaska-Alberta Railway Development Corporation, "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 and 2011 censuses", "The Legal Context of Canada's Official Languages", "Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, by province and territory (2017)", "Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab", "Government of Yukon: Emblems and Symbols", "Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census", "Table 8 Abbreviations and codes for provinces and territories, 2011 Census", "Back to 'the' Yukon: The big return of a 3-letter word", "National Climate Data and Information Archive", "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Yukon)", "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, 2011 National Household Survey", "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables", "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Yukon, 2016 Census 25% Sample data", "Focus on Geography Series, 2011 Census, Yukon", "Language Act, Statues of the Yukon (2002)", "Council of Yukon First Nations-Our Nations", "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population, Yukon", "Archived Public sector employment, wages and salaries, seasonally unadjusted and adjusted", "Labour force characteristics by province, territory and economic region, annual (x 1,000)", gov.yk.ca: "O.I.C. via the Peace or Mackenzie rivers, but few reached their destination. History of Yukon - Wikipedia Squares and circles of various size indicate other major cities. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Whitehorse, Official Site of city of Whitehorse, Canada, Whitehorse - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Whitehorse - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). In 1979, a significant degree of power was devolved from the commissioner and the federal government to the territorial legislature which, in that year, adopted a party system of responsible government. For an isolated northern territory, with sparsely arranged municipalities, Yukons annual social calendar is filled with festivals that celebrate history, the arts, and the breathtaking landscape. The Yukon Act, passed on April 1, 2003, formalized the powers of the Yukon Government and devolved additional powers to the territorial government (e.g., control over land and natural resources). Government and tourism are the economic mainstays, and the population is increased by the seasonal influx of tourists. Shallow-draught, stern-wheeler steamboats operated seasonally from gold rush days; the main route was between Dawson and Whitehorse where rapids made the latter the effective head of river navigation. The Whitehorse Rapids Fish Hatchery and Fishway protects the worlds longest migration of Chinook salmon. Whitehorse, Yukon Whitehorse city in Yukon, Canada. The vast majority of the Mount Logan and a large part of the Yukon's southwest are in Kluane National Park and Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It now reports to the government leader instead of the commissioner. Whitehorse is the capital and only city of Yukon, and the largest city in northern Canada. ThoughtCo, Aug. 25, 2020, thoughtco.com/whitehorse-capital-of-yukon-511299. 1898: The Yukon became a separate territory with the capital at Dawson. The vast majority of the territory is within the Cordillera region, while small, northern portions belong to the Arctic Lands and Interior Plains. By this time, a small population had settled in Canyon City. Whitehorse, the capital city of the Yukon Territory of Canada, is a major northern hub. Yukon Territory Map - Yukon Territory Satellite Image - Geology.com As a result, thousands of newcomers poured into this hitherto remote corner of Canada, transforming the Yukon permanently. than six members. the only sheltered harbour along the Yukon's Arctic coast. [47][48] and the Northern Lights Centre. The city has several historic sites and attractions. In the early part of 1897 most of the people travelling over the Chilkoot Pass and on to Dawson were still experienced prospectors. The history of Yukon covers the period from the arrival of Paleo-Indians through the Beringia land bridge approximately 20,000 years ago. They included the Nahanni in the east (with Kaska, Goat and Mountain groups), and several groups in the south and west (Teslin, Tutchone and Tagish). Within the territory are plateaus and mountains, all of which continue westwards into Alaska. Yukon River resemble a horses mane. The memory of this period and the early days of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, as well as the territory's scenic wonders and outdoor recreation opportunities, makes tourism the second most important industry in the territory. The Yukon's festivals and sporting events include the Adka Cultural Festival, Yukon International Storytelling Festival, and the Yukon Sourdough Rendezvous. Today, major land routes include the Alaska Highway, the Klondike Highway (between Skagway and Dawson City), the Haines Highway (between Haines, Alaska, and Haines Junction), and the Dempster Highway (linking Inuvik, Northwest Territories to the Klondike Highway, and the only road access route to the Arctic Ocean, in Canada), all paved except for the Dempster. The 2021 census reported a Yukon population of 40,232. MacLeod, The Dempster Highway (1979); D.H. Pimlott et al, eds, Arctic Alternatives (1973); K.J. linguistic boundaries between different groups are fluid and generally blend into one another. Commissioners, Gold Commissioners and Controllers of the Yukon. White spruce and lodgepole Yukon features a variety of geographical regions, each with distinct characteristics. [1][2][4] The remainder of the territory's land area is unorganized. The vast majority of Yukon's land mass is unorganized, with no defined municipal or otherwise supralocal level of government like in other parts of Canada. The semi-weekly Yukon News as well as the bi-weekly LAurore borale, which serves the Franco-Yukonnais community, are also published in Whitehorse. The Alaska Highway pipeline proposed in the late 1970s was shelved because of political pressures in the US, the recognition of Indigenous land claims, Mark Newman / Lonely Planet Images / Getty Images, Date Whitehorse Was Incorporated as a City, Date Whitehorse Became the Capital of Yukon. The Whitehorse Star is the daily newspaper based out of Whitehorse. Archaeology Program. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Three miners Alfred Mayo, Jack McQuesten, and Arthur Harper having heard of these rumours, went to work for the Alaska Commercial Company as traders, although their main interest was in the gold prospects. Historically, it is indelibly associated with the great Klondike Gold Rush. region, in which the town is located, now attracts artists and tourists. Although it remains a marginal sector, the Yukon government has been encouraging In 1901 the first census for which data on the Yukon is available the population of the territory was 27,219. High fur prices made trapping an important seasonal activity in the interwar years (2006) 20,461; (2011) 23,276. by small operators who extract timber for building materials, log homes and fuel wood. [5] Another estimate showed that by the year 1830, the number of indigenous people was about 4,700. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [5] Towns must elect a mayor and four councilors, or a mayor and five to seven councillors if authorized by bylaw, for a three-year term. Whitehorse puts on an annual winter festival This drove a population increase that justified the establishment of a police force, just in time for the start of the Klondike Gold Rush in 1897. Their mandate is to protect objects of historical importance as well as act as custodians tidewater at Skagway, AK, through the rugged Coast Mountains to Whitehorse, and was particularly comprising the largest communities within this group. Sam SteeleVoir la Patrimoine Minute sur Sam Steele, le surintendant de la Police monte du Nord-Ouest. After that, the hunting technology saw the replacement of atlatls with bows and arrows. In 1859, Robert Kennicott set off on an expedition to collect natural history specimens in what is now the Mackenzie River and Yukon River valleys and in the Arctic tundra beyond. At about AD 800, a large volcanic eruption in Mount Churchill near the Alaska border blanketed the southern Yukon with ash. to the territory. Whitehorse (population 25,085) derives its name from the way the rapids of the adjacent Please select which sections you would like to print: Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of Toronto. Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. Covering an area of 474,713 sq. earlier. Canada's colonies: a history of the Yukon and Northwest Territories. [27], The Yukon's Language Act "recognises the significance" of the territory's aboriginal languages in the Yukon, and permits their use in Legislative Assembly proceedings, although only English and French are available for laws and court proceedings. from Asia. The Yukon Government runs the public schools in the city and education at elementary and secondary levels is offered free by the government. Each school has a locally elected school council, which has consultative A school council also advises on matters such as bus schedules and local curriculum. In 1865 the Western Union Telegraph Expedition was mounted to find a possible route for a telegraph line between North America and Russia by way of the Bering Sea. The presence of Europeans altered these traditional networks as different groups moved to acquire a better position in the growing trade with Europeans. elected members from the legislative assembly. In one month, Dawson grew to be the largest Canadian city west of Winnipeg, developing a complete been limited production of coal intermittently since the turn of the century. Still others sought an The transportation pattern and local population distribution were radically altered during the Second World War. For the territory, usage is divided between Yukon and the Yukon. Whitehorse is situated in the wide valley of the Yukon River, and the Yukon River flows right through town. Others moved inland from the Bering Sea, following up the Yukon River from its mouth by stern-wheeler. The temperature has dropped down to 60C (76F) three times, 1947, 1952, and 1968. Similar stories are told among the Athabaskan-speaking Navajo and Apache, leading to the conclusion by some anthropologists that the migration of Athabaskan peoples into what is now the southwestern United States could have been due to the eruption. View of 3rd Street c. 1899 by Eric A. Hegg Dawson City was the centre of the Klondike Gold Rush. [2] That layer of ash can still be seen along the Klondike Highway. By the 1870s and 1880s, gold miners began to arrive. territory at protocol-related events. This complex of income. The Yukon Plateau is bounded by the Selwyn and Mackenzie mountains in the east. The Yukon Francophone School Board (Commission scolaire francophone du Yukon, CSFY) is the only such body in the territory. The territory is the approximate shape of a right triangle, bordering the U.S. state of Alaska to the west and northwest for 1,210 kilometres (752mi) mostly along longitude 141 W, the Northwest Territories to the east and British Columbia to the south mostly along latitude 60 N.[14] Its northern coast is on the Beaufort Sea. in commanding the NWMP and maintaining law and order, Sir Sam Steele has attained near mythic status in the Canadian consciousness. Yukon College offers higher education to learners in the city. In the south-east, in the basin of Liard River, there lived the Kaska Natives. who reached Yukon's arctic shore in 1825. Other large mammals found in the territory include caribou, Living on Yukons treeless Arctic slope, they have traditionally been reliant on fish and sea mammals. Sites of archeological significance in the Yukon hold some of the earliest evidence of the presence of human habitation in North America. The increased population coming with the gold rush led to the separation of the Yukon district from the Northwest Territories and the formation of the separate Yukon Territory in 1898. Other major communities include the regional centres of Rankin Inlet and Cambridge Bay. Pop. the airport underwent an expansion and was renamed after Member of Parliament Erik Nielsen (Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport) in December 2008. [1] It is the smallest territory in land area at 472,345 km 2 (182,373 sq mi). In summer daylight can last as long as 20 hours. The Yukon Historical and Museums Association offers guided walking tours of Whitehorse heritage buildings in the summer and sponsors a variety of research, publication and public lecture programs. Whitehorse - Wikipedia The Yukon assets of the federal Northern Canada Power Commission were transferred to the publicly owned Yukon Energy Corp in 1987. Rapid Rewards: A Canoe Trip Down the Yukon. In the face of local protest it was reinstated in 1919, but only as a three-member elected As a result, these divisions into different groups are somewhat arbitrary. The larger lakes include Teslin Lake, Atlin Lake, Tagish Lake, Marsh Lake, Lake Laberge, Kusawa Lake and Kluane Lake. Executive power in the Yukon is formally vested in the Territorial Commissioner,[53] who plays an analogous role to that of a provincial lieutenant governor. (2020, August 25). In other words, the commissioner Dawson City, and their surroundings, as they existed during the Klondike Gold Rush . Instead, the territory remains among the few frontiers on the North American continent, a sparsely populated and largely unspoiled wilderness. With the influx of American stampeders, the Canadian government decided to create a separate territory to better control the situation. [20] With a land area of 474,712.64km2 (183,287.57sqmi), it had a population density of 0.1/km2 (0.2/sqmi) in 2011, the highest among all the Canadian territories. Due to the large influx of prospectors into the region, the western portion of the North-West Territories was split from the rest of the territory in 1898 to form the Yukon Territory. Summers in Whitehorse are sunny and warm, and winters in Whitehorse are snowy and cold. Their annual migration is a popular tourist attraction. By industry sector, the largest number of Yukoners were employed in public administration, health care and social assistance, and retail. Bennett Lake on the Klondike Gold Rush trail is a lake flowing into Nares Lake, with the greater part of its area within Yukon. This region's high elevation and glaciated peaks make it one of the most visually striking parts of the territory. Following the Alaska purchase and the abandonment of Rampart house, Alaska Commercial Company traders started working along the upper Yukon River. miles) (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census). Visitors are drawn by the Yukon's colourful Three mountains also surround Whitehorse: Grey Mountain on the east, Haeckel Hill on the northwest and Golden Horn Mountain on the south. For information on the other capital cities in Canada, see Capital Cities of Canada. Whitehorse was incorporated into a city in 1950. In 2016, the most cited ethnic origins were English, Canadian and Scottish. The following year, paying quantities of coarse gold were found on the Fortymile River, and a new trading post, Forty Mile, Yukon was established at the confluence of the Fortymile with the Yukon River. Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map. By 1920, the elected territorial council had been reduced to three members and the territory was directly ruled by the Gold commissioner, a federal civil servant reporting to the Minister of the Interior. Others tried the "Overland Route" from Edmonton, In 2016, 70 per cent of the population lived in the territorys capital, Whitehorse. Whitehorse is located just off the Alaska Highway, on the Yukon River about 105 kilometers (65 miles) north of the British Columbia border. in Dawson in 1896 for $10 per acre was soon able to sell lots for $1,000 each. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. One amendment to the BCA lets a proxy be given for voting purposes. The Yukon's latitude enables the view of aurora borealis. The mountainous landscape of the territory means there are abundant opportunities for development of hydroelectric power though the weather does not make this process easy. On another front, First Nations started lobbying and entered in land claims negotiations in the 1970s which culminated in the signing of an "Umbrella Final Agreement" in 1992. The remoteness of Yukon along with its variety of big game is a major draw for hunters. Alaskan boundary, was one. Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport serves as the air transport infrastructure hub, with scheduled direct flights to Vancouver, Victoria, Kelowna, Calgary, Edmonton, Yellowknife, Inuvik, Ottawa, Dawson City, Old Crow, Juneau and Frankfurt[77] (pre-COVID). but widespread through the rest of the territory. Porter Creeks Guild Hall and the Wood Street Centre in downtown Whitehorse showcases plays and other local productions. [10] The war also saw the construction of a number of airfields as part of the Northwest Staging Route. Air North has its principal base in the airport. On this day June 13 th, in 1898, Dawson is chosen as the Capital for the Yukon Territory. Pierre Berton, Klondike (1958); K.S. south and the Northwest Territories to the east. The fur trade also helped create a nascent tourist industry drawing in wealthy big-game hunters. There are also degree programs offered in cooperation with other institutions, such as a Bachelor of Social Work or a Yukon Native Teacher Education Program, The Yukons third largest community This article is about the Canadian territory. In the Klondike, individual miners' claims were bought out and consolidated with the help of the government by a small number of companies, including the Guggenheim's Yukon Gold Corporation who used large floating dredges. [19] The sites safeguard the history of the first people and the earliest First Nations of the Yukon.[19]. In 2016, the annual unemployment rate in the Yukon was 9.2 per cent compared to a national rate of 7.7 per cent. Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 1996. Between 1897 and 1899, $29 million (figure unadjusted) in gold that was recovered from the area. The worlds longest Fish ladder exclusively made of wood is found in Whitehorse. The 2011 National Household Survey examined the Yukon's ethnocultural diversity and immigration. Updates? Search for crossword clues found in the Daily Celebrity, NY Times, Daily Mirror, Telegraph and major publications. Hudson's Bay Company explorers and traders from Mackenzie River trading posts used two different routes to enter Yukon and created trading posts along the way. The Arctic Ocean lies to the north, providing a natural boundary for the territory. The old record was finally broken 21 years later in June 2004 when the Mayo Road weather station, located just northwest of Whitehorse, recorded a temperature of 36.5C (97.7F). The city has a public hospital known as Whitehorse General Hospital and several other healthcare facilities. The above map can be downloaded, printed, and used for geography education purposes like map-pointing and coloring activities. The Yukon is also home to 12 National Historic Sites of Canada. Whitehorse, the capital city of the Yukon Territory of Canada, is a major northern hub. Many trees are stunted because of the short growing season and severe climate. swans and Tourism is the mainstay of the Yukon economy and the largest private sector employer. [12], In 2003, the Yukon Territory underwent a name change as the words the and Territory were officially dropped from the name. Yukon History FamilySearch [60] Municipal governments provide "jurisdiction services, facilities, or things that a local government considers necessary or desirable for all or part of its community". [5] Whitehorse is the capital of Yukon and its only city. The influx of people greatly stimulated mineral exploration in other parts of the Yukon and led to two subsidiary gold rushes in Atlin, British Columbia and Nome, Alaska as well as a number of mini-rushes. [49][50], The Yukon's Aboriginal culture is also strongly reflected in such areas as winter sports, as in the Yukon Quest sled dog race. In 1902, one elected official represented residents of Yukon in Parliament and it was not until 1975 that the territory had representation The direct impact of the line was brief, however, since by 1915 the greater part was abandoned and by 1926 only 11 miles remained. Synonyms (territory): Yukon Territory; Derived terms Arts at this accredited college and transfer to a partnering institution to complete their degree. Land of the midnight sun: a history of the Yukon. Post-secondary education programs are delivered through Yukon College's main campus (created in 1988) in Whitehorse , and its network of 13 community campuses in 12 communities. [15], While the average winter temperature in the Yukon is mild by Canadian arctic standards, no other place in North America gets as cold as the Yukon during extreme cold snaps. P. Berton, Klondike (1958); K.S. Yukon | The Canadian Encyclopedia The Territorial Library and Archives are located in Whitehorse. Kennicott died of a heart attack while travelling up the Yukon River. has preserved the varying architectural styles, from pioneer boom-town, Victorian and Edwardian, prevalent during the period. Administration is centralized in the Department of Education. The capital city of the Yukon Territory is Whitehorse. Department of Tourism and Culture. During the 1897-98 Klondike Gold Rush, thousands of wealth-seekers stampeded through the Yukonover the brutal Chilkoot Trail from Alaska; through treacherous rapids where the capital . Whitehorse capital of the Yukon, the Wilderness City is many travellers first stop in the territory, Kluane home to the worlds largest non-polar icefields and Canadas highest mountain, Mount Logan this national park region is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Southern Lakes named for the lakes and rivers that form the headwaters of the Yukon River, this area is an adventurers playground, Klondike with Dawson City home to the greatest gold rush in history and multiple National Historic Sites, this region is an essential Yukon experience, Silver Trail with a mining history rivalling the Klondike, this is wild country with pristine rivers making it a mecca for paddlers, North Yukon starkly beautiful, this land of the midnight sun boasts Tombstone Territorial Park and the Dempster Highway, the only all-season Canadian highway to cross the Arctic Circle, Watson Lake located in Yukons southeast and gateway to the Yukon by road from BC or Alberta on the famous Alaska Highway, Campbell the last of the wild frontier this region offers an off the beaten path experience with pristine wilderness and wildlife viewing opportunities.
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